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ONLINE EDITION PAIN | SMALL ANIMAL VPTODAY | WWW.VETERINARYPRACTICETODAY.COM 29 References Adrian D et al (2017). Chronic maladaptive pain in cats: A review of current and future drug treatment options. The Veterinary Journal 230: 52-61. Bell A et al (2014). Veterinarians attitudes to chronic pain in dogs. Veterinary Record 175: 428-428. Bennett MI et al (2012). Prevalence and aetiology of neuropathic pain in cancer patients: A systematic review. Pain 153: 359-365. Bettini L and Moore K (2016). Central Sensitization in Functional Chronic Pain Syndromes: Overview and Clinical Application. Pain Management Nursing 17: 333-338. Epstein M (2013). Assessing chronic pain in dogs. Todays Veterinary Practice September/October, pp. 32-35. Fleming JM et al (2011). Mortality in North American dogs from 1984 to 2004: an investigation into age-, size-, and breed-related causes of death. J Vet Intern Med 25: 187-198. Goldberg (2017). A look at chronic pain in dogs. Veterinary Nursing Journal 32: 32-44. Groh A et al (2018). Acute and Chronic Pain Processing in the Thalamocortical System of Humans and Animal Models. Neuroscience 387: 58-71. Im HJ et al (2010). Alteration of sensory neurons and spinal response to an experimental osteoarthritis pain model. Arthritis and Rheumatism 62: 2995-3005. Lavandhomme P and Schug S (2016). IASP Task Force for the Classification of Chronic Pain in ICD-11 Prepares New Criteria on Postsurgical and Posttraumatic Pain. In: Chronic Pain http://www.iasp-pain.org/PublicationsNews/NewsDetail. aspx?ItemNumber=5134. Merskey H and Bogduk N (1986). International Association for the Study of Pain Subcommittee on Taxonomy. Classification of chronic pain. Descriptions of Chronic Pain Syndromes and Definitions of Pain Terms Pain Suppl 3(S1-S226). Noble CE et al (2018). Development, initial validation and reliability testing of a web-based, generic feline health-related quality-of-life instrument. J Feline Med Surg, 1098612X18758176. Reid J et al (2017). Pain assessment in companion animals: An update. In Practice 39: 446-451. Reid J et al (2013). Development, validation and reliability of a web-based questionnaire to measure health-related quality of life in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 54: 227-233. Walsh K (2016). Chronic pain management in dogs and cats. In Practice 38: 155. Wiese AJ (2015). Assessing Pain and Pain Behaviours. In: Handbook of Veterinary Pain Management. (3rd edn). Gaynor JS and Muir III WW (eds). Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, Missouri. pp. 67-97. Woolf CJ (2010). What is this thing called pain? Journal of Clinical Investigation 120: 3742-3744. PPD Questions 1. The definition of chronic pain is A. pain that has lasted beyond one year B. very severe pain C. pain that has lasted beyond the expected healing time for that injury D. pain that is caused by inflammatory processes only. 2. Peripheral sensitisation A. can be described in terms of allodynia and hyperalgesia B. does not involve immune cell activation C. always occurs in the absence of a primary tissue trauma event D. is considered maladaptive and not for the benefit of the patient. 3. Treatment of chronic pain in veterinary species A. is difficult owing to historical inadequate pain assessment in veterinary species B. owner compliance C. drug expense and availability D. all of the above. 4. The only validated tool for assessing an animals quality of life is A. the vets own system in their clinic B. the VetMetrica health-related quality of life questionnaire for dogs and cats C. the Musculoskeletal Pain Index D. force-plate gait analysis. Answers 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B WWW.VETCOMMUNIT Y.COM | ONLINE EDITION